Nosocomial infections are widely prevalent and account for a substantial increase in morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients. In addition, bacteria and fungi that are resistant or poorly responsive to multiple antibiotics or antifungal agents often cause these infections. Although vaccines are firmly established in the public health field as an effective means of preventing infection, attention on the potential role of vaccine and immunotherapy for the prevention /amelioration of nosocomial infection is quite recent especially for those that occur in the critically ill patient. This meeting will focus on current knowledge about vaccines and immunotherapy for nosocomial infections. Host immunology, as well as lessons learned from vaccines already in use and those under development will be discussed.<//span>